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Can My Employer Fire Me While My H-1B Is Pending?

Understanding your rights and options if you face termination during the H-1B process.

One of the most anxiety-inducing scenarios for international workers is the possibility of being fired while an H-1B petition is pending with USCIS. The short answer is yes — U.S. employment is at-will, and employers can terminate you even during the H-1B process. But understanding the legal framework, your grace period options, and how to protect yourself can make a critical difference in your outcome.

Quick Answer: Yes, your employer can legally fire you while your H-1B petition is pending. U.S. employment is at-will. If terminated, you typically have a 60-day grace period to find a new sponsor, change status, or depart. H-1B portability rules may help if you find a new employer quickly.

Companies Known for H-1B Sponsorship Stability

CompanyTotal H-1B Filings
Amazon55,150
Microsoft34,626
Google33,416
Infosys32,840
Tata Consultancy Services28,950
Cognizant26,700
Deloitte18,200
Apple15,800
Meta14,900
JPMorgan Chase12,400

Visa Insights: Employment Termination During H-1B Processing

The United States operates under at-will employment in most states, meaning either the employer or employee can end the relationship at any time, for any legal reason. This applies regardless of whether an H-1B petition is pending. However, there are important protections and options available to H-1B workers who face termination.

If you are terminated while on an existing H-1B status and a transfer or extension is pending, the pending petition is typically denied. However, the 60-day grace period (established under the 2017 final rule) begins from the date of termination, giving you time to find a new sponsor or change your immigration status.

If you are on OPT or another status and your H-1B petition (change of status) is pending, termination may not immediately affect the pending petition — but you need to consult an immigration attorney immediately, as the specifics depend on your exact status and the petition type.

Real Scenarios from DOL and USCIS Records

  • Scenario 1 — Laid off during H-1B transfer: A software engineer at a mid-size consulting firm had an H-1B transfer pending to a tech company when layoffs hit. Because the new company's petition was already filed, USCIS continued processing the transfer. The engineer started work at the new company under portability within 3 weeks.
  • Scenario 2 — Terminated during initial H-1B: A financial analyst on OPT was fired two months after their employer filed an H-1B petition. Since the petition was cap-subject and not yet approved, they reverted to OPT status and used remaining authorization to find a new employer willing to file a new cap-exempt petition at a university.
  • Scenario 3 — Company restructuring: An engineer at a startup was let go during a funding crunch with an H-1B extension pending. They used the 60-day grace period to secure a new H-1B transfer with a larger company, filing under portability and beginning work immediately.

Related Job Titles for Quick H-1B Transfers

  • Software Engineer / Software Developer
  • Data Scientist / Data Analyst
  • Financial Analyst
  • Systems Engineer / Cloud Engineer
  • Product Manager
  • Business Analyst / Consultant

A: You have a 60-day grace period (or until your I-94 expires, whichever is shorter) to find a new H-1B sponsor, change to another visa status, or depart the U.S. This grace period was formalized in 2017 and applies once per authorized validity period.

Q: Can I use H-1B portability if I'm fired?

A: Yes. If you find a new employer within the 60-day grace period who files an H-1B petition on your behalf, you can begin working for that employer as soon as the petition is filed (not approved). This is known as H-1B portability under AC21, and it is the most common path forward after termination.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can my employer fire me while my H-1B petition is pending?

Yes. U.S. employment is at-will, meaning your employer can terminate you at any time regardless of pending immigration petitions. If you are terminated while on H-1B status, you have a 60-day grace period to find a new sponsor, change status, or depart the country.

What is the 60-day grace period for H-1B workers?

The 60-day grace period allows H-1B workers who are terminated to remain in the U.S. for up to 60 days (or until their I-94 expires, whichever is shorter) to find a new employer, file a change of status, or arrange departure. This applies once per authorized validity period and was established by USCIS in 2017.

Can I transfer my H-1B to a new employer after being fired?

Yes. Under H-1B portability rules (AC21), if a new employer files an H-1B petition on your behalf within the 60-day grace period, you can begin working for them as soon as the petition is received by USCIS. You do not need to wait for approval. This is the most common recovery path after termination.

Should I have a backup plan while on H-1B status?

Absolutely. Immigration attorneys recommend maintaining relationships with potential alternative employers, keeping your resume updated, and understanding your options (H-1B transfer, B-1/B-2 change of status, departure). Wisa can help you identify companies with strong H-1B filing histories for contingency planning.

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