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STEM OPT Extension Explained

Everything you need to know about the 24-month STEM OPT extension, from eligible degrees to employer requirements.

The STEM OPT extension gives F-1 students with qualifying STEM degrees an additional 24 months of work authorization beyond the standard 12-month OPT period. This means up to 36 total months of work authorization after graduation. Understanding the requirements early is critical — both you and your employer must meet specific criteria before USCIS will approve the extension.

What Is STEM OPT?

STEM OPT is a 24-month extension of post-completion Optional Practical Training available to F-1 students who earned a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree in a STEM-designated field. The program is governed by the 2016 DHS final rule and requires participation from both the student and the employer. Combined with the initial 12-month OPT, STEM OPT provides up to 36 months of work authorization in the United States.

Eligible STEM Degrees

Your degree must appear on the DHS STEM Designated Degree Program List, which includes fields such as:

  • Computer Science and Engineering: Software engineering, computer engineering, information technology, and cybersecurity.
  • Biological and Physical Sciences: Biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and statistics.
  • Business Analytics and Data Science: Certain quantitative business degrees qualify, including econometrics, data analytics, and management science.
  • Other Fields: Architecture, actuarial science, neuroscience, and many interdisciplinary STEM programs also qualify.

The DHS STEM list is updated periodically. As of the most recent update, it contains over 400 CIP codes. Your degree's CIP code on your I-20 must match a code on this list.

Employer Requirements

Not every employer qualifies. To hire a STEM OPT worker, the employer must:

  • Be enrolled in E-Verify: This is a mandatory requirement. The employer must have an active E-Verify account and use it to verify all new hires.
  • Complete the Form I-983: The employer and student must jointly complete the Training Plan for STEM OPT Students (Form I-983), which outlines learning objectives, mentorship, and how the role relates to the student's degree.
  • Provide commensurate compensation: The employer must pay STEM OPT workers on par with similarly situated U.S. workers. Unpaid positions are not permitted.
  • Report material changes: Any significant change in employment — such as a new role, work location, or reduced hours — must be reported to the DSO within 10 days.

How to Apply for the STEM OPT Extension

You must file your STEM OPT application (Form I-765) with USCIS up to 90 days before your current OPT expires and no later than the expiration date. Your DSO must first recommend the extension in SEVIS and issue a new I-20. Key steps include:

  • Complete the Form I-983 with your employer and submit it to your DSO.
  • Receive a new I-20 with the STEM OPT recommendation from your DSO.
  • File Form I-765 with USCIS along with supporting documents including your new I-20, passport photos, and the filing fee.
  • You may continue working for up to 180 days while your extension is pending, as long as you filed on time.

Important Rules and Limitations

STEM OPT participants face a 150-day cumulative unemployment limit over the 24-month extension period. Self-employment is generally not permitted. You must report to your DSO every six months through a validation process, and your employer must complete annual evaluations on the I-983. Failure to comply with these reporting requirements can result in loss of your F-1 status.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I apply for STEM OPT if my degree is not on the STEM list?

No. Your degree's CIP code as recorded on your I-20 must match a code on the DHS STEM Designated Degree Program List. If your degree has a STEM-eligible CIP code but was not recorded correctly, work with your DSO to correct it before applying.

What happens if my STEM OPT application is denied?

If your application is denied, your work authorization ends. You typically have 60 days from the denial to depart the U.S. or change to another valid immigration status. Consult an immigration attorney immediately if you receive a denial.

Can I change employers during STEM OPT?

Yes, but your new employer must also be enrolled in E-Verify. You must complete a new I-983 Training Plan with the new employer and submit it to your DSO. You must report the change within 10 days.

Can I use STEM OPT twice if I earn two STEM degrees?

Yes. If you earn a second qualifying STEM degree at a higher level, you can apply for a second 24-month STEM OPT extension based on that degree. Each degree level (bachelor's, master's, doctoral) can support one STEM OPT extension.

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